Thursday, October 31, 2019

Plagiarism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

Plagiarism - Essay Example This practice has been well-known as plagiarism. This can be universally defined as the act of copying or imitating the works, words, ideas, thought, or feelings conveyed by an author in a particular text without acknowledging the original text and the author. In many cases, the doers of plagiarism are students who do their assignments haphazardly, who do not trust their own knowledge and ability on the given task, and others who aim for a high mark. Aside from this, plagiarism has evolved from being just the mere act of copying and pasting texts. In general, there are two basic acts of plagiarism; these are the total plagiarism and the partial plagiarism. Total plagiarism is defined as an act of an individual to copy all the texts of a specific source and considers them his or her own work. This replication of published texts is a fraudulent act, which also encompasses the act of photocopying a material without asking permission from the author or the publisher. Aside from this, a full plagiarism can also occur when an individual copies verbatim a sentence or a phrase, which is composed of three or more words from a source. It is essential for an individual to avoid full or total plagiarism, especially when the person does not have any intention of citing the source or sources because, in the academe, it is considered as academic dishonesty.

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

Business Innovation in Digital Economies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business Innovation in Digital Economies - Essay Example This paper mainly focuses on Apple Inc. The Apple Inc. company took the market by a storm and seems to be enjoying a cutting edge of the competitive market in digital service and product market. Reliance on goods in order to understand the economy seems to be getting harder as the industrial economy ceases. Researchers noted that service provisions implemented the distribution mechanisms obtained from goods. They also noted that service creates a basis for the proliferation of economic transactions. This paper defines economic service broadly as â€Å"the utilization of unique knowledge and skills in the business practices, processes and outputs in order to create value for the customers (Eaton 2011, pg59). The dominance of information technology highly contributes towards the emergence of the service-dominant rationality. As Vargo and Lusch (2004, pg51) discuss, primacy of service and its recognition as the fundamental factors for economic can be attributed to two reasons. These primary reasons include; the ability to separate information and service from tangible goods and the increasing specialization in business. These two reasons dwell on the creation of information technology which speeds up specialization in creation of knowledge which consequently led to the reduction of harmonization and communication costs. In addition, the digitization of informational products and the integration of software capabilities into goods created the term digital innovation. This innovation contributes to the slackening of solid goods with service since its inception. Digital networks characterize the best dynamic and exhilarating field of inventions in our modern economy. Companies like Google, Apple, Nokia-Microsoft and HP/Palm are all chasing numerous procedures of innovation approaches in imperative to the worth of their products. These companies frequently undertake these operations by fetching external developers as well as maximizing the technology’s reproductive

Sunday, October 27, 2019

Four seasons hotels inc hr practices

Four seasons hotels inc hr practices The assignment is based on a case study that revolves around Four Seasons and their culture in relation to employment. The purpose of this assignment is to basically answer five questions that are specific to understanding the culture of Four Seasons and the influence of HRM on the organisation. Like any case there are issues that the company needs to deal with and the writer tries to identify these issues by explaining what caused the issue to occur. The assignment also recognizes several key factors that the HRM of the companies have to deal with and at the same time identifying how important is the HRM to the Four Seasons and what kind of influence it has on the employment strategy. The writer identifies several options and recommendations to solving the issues and also explains the purpose of choosing the option at the same time illustrating the affect each of the options would have on the organisation and the various stakeholders. The writer has incorporated various models and matrices to the various sections in order to facilitate in the explanation of the topics. Company and its position in the hospitality industry Isadore Sharp (Sharp) with the help of his brother-in-law, Eddie Creed (Creed) and his friend Murray Koffler (Koffler) founded the Four Seasons with an investment of less than a $ million. The first property was a motel, Four Seasons Motor Hotel in 1961 in downtown, Toronto. This was a 125 roomed motel, with upscale atmosphere and amenities that were the reason for attracting their guests and especially celebrities from the neighboring T.V. station. The next property was a 569 rooms Toronto Inn Park which was built in the year 1963. Since then Sharp went on to built several new hotels such as the Inn on the Park, in London and other small inns in smaller urban areas such as Belleville, Ontario and Nassau, Bahamas only in the year 1970. This building of new hotels came to a serious problem in around the year 1994 as the Four Seasons saw themselves in a huge debt and only due to the help of Saudi Prince Al-Waleed Bin Tala Bin Abdufaziz al Saud (Al-Waleed) and his investment of C$100 million did the Four Seasons and Sharp survive this collapse. With this financial support from Al-Waleed, Four Seasons was able to built new hotels in Singapore, Mexico City, Berlin and Prague; with this resorts were built in Hawaiis Kona Coast, Carlsbad, California and Chiang Mai, Thailand. The Four Seasons on February 2007 was acquired by various investing groups namely Casacade Investment, L.L.C. which belonged to Microsofts Chairman Bill Gates, Kingdom Hotels International, owned by Al-Waleed, and Triples Holdings Limited, a family holding company of Sharps, which together was a US$3.37 billion buyout offer. As a part of their negotiations a 10 percent interest in the group and the CEO position was given to Sharp, in addition to this a long-term incentive contract related to the sales of villa and penthouses as private properties. By the end of 2008, Four Seasons had 82 managed properties in 34 different countries with about 33,185 associates. Four Seasons lived on a term called The Golden Rule which meant Do unto others, as you would have them do unto you and keeping this in their mind they have treated their employees with as much respect as they would expect from the employees to the customers. This was personified with the various recognition they received from various publications such as Consumer Reports, Gourmet and Travel Leisure, Mobil Travel Guide, Gallivanters Guide and Condà © Nast Traveler Magazine. The most valued honor to Four Seasons and which they have managed to earn from the last thirteen years is the Top 100 Companies to Work For by Fortune Magazine and as of year 2010, Four Seasons were positioned at the 58th spot which compared to the hotel industry only Marriott International made the list as the 82nd position. This itself gives a picture of what the employees think about Four Seasons and their culture but there are some critics that say otherwise as they believe that the reason for their success i s because they tend to be very bias to foreign white skinned employees and prefer to hire them and the example given here was the Four Seasons Maldives resort, which was believed to be corrupt and bias as foreigners were given preference instead of locals irrespective of their talent and qualification and that local professional Maldivians were ignored just because of their color of skin. Another criticism was that even though the employees were paid well they were working extended hours and were stressed to deliver impeccable service. Four Seasons at present is one of the leading hotel chains in the world and have easily been considered to be one of the best in the field in comparison to hotel chains like Marriott, Hyatt, Hilton, Intercontinental, etc. and despite the various criticism Four Seasons has consistently been on the top when it comes to its work culture, thus becoming a globally successful hotel chain. Culture of Four Seasons and comparison to major competitors Four Seasons has always tried to provide its guests with value added service and hassle free stay and by keep this in to their working culture they have earned the reputation of a superior customer service organisation. The Four Seasons had also created more than 247 standards which were meant to identify what the customers should expect to receive in a Four Seasons Hotel. Even with these many standards Four Seasons always believed in empowerment as every employee was given all the rights to do what they felt right and this worked well for the company as an e.g. in the case mentioned how a bride had got her wedding dress stuck to the car door and the housekeeping staff did not waste any time and sent her to the spa while the staff member was patching the torn areas so that it would not be noticed. This was the kind of thinking that Four Seasons and especially Sharp want from their employees by this they created an environment where the employees were willing to use their mind in solv ing problems thus reducing the chances for it to escalate. Sharp also believed that loyalty and retention are the key to success, but loyalty to the customers came before the loyalty of the guests. They also truly believed in The Golden Rule and designed their recruitment, selection, training and development of the employees. Four Seasons culture was based on the value each and every employee could bring to the company and did not care about the qualification and experience the candidate had, this turn gave them employees who were willing to challenge themselves and at the same time willing to develop to the betterment of the company. This is also one of the reasons why their customers were loyal as they felt that the employees were willing and striving to help make their stay better, this can be seen with the award that Four Seasons have been receiving since 1980, which are the AAA Five Diamond awards. This award clearly shows the respect and loyalty that the customers have for the company due the respect and loyalty that the employees show to their customers. In comparison to Marriott, Hyatt, Hilton, Starwood, etc. Four Seasons believes in empowerment where as the other only use it as a form of marketing strategy. The mission statement or The Golden Rule of Four Seasons is Do unto others, as you would have them do unto you whereas Marriott has the Core Values that states Its about serving the associates, the customer, and the community. Marriotts fundamental beliefs are enduring and the keys to its continued success (Marriott International, 2010), Hyatts mission statement is To provide authentic hospitality by making a difference in the lives of the people we touch every day (Hyatt Corporation, 2010), Hilton believes in We will be the preeminent global hospitality company the first choice of guests, team members and owners alike (Hilton Worldwide, 2010) and Starwood would like to Create the most successful branded, global, lifestyle hospitality company by forming a trust- and respect-based corporate family committed to re-imagining our b usiness with creativity and innovation, resulting in the most fun workplace in the history of the world (Starwood Hotels and Resorts, 2010). Only by looking at these mission statements we can get an idea of who really caters to their employees as among the four major hotel chains mentioned only Marriott Hotel has their employees mentioned in their mission statement and even that is only considering that they take care of the associates but does not give an idea that they are willing to empower their employees like the way Four Seasons does. This does not mean that other hotels do not empower their employees but in terms of the definition which means giving the right and authority to an individual to think, behave, take action and make decisions in an independent way (Heathfield, 2010). By just applying the definition to the various hotels and their mission statements we can see that Four Seasons and Marriott are the only two hotel chains that seem to be empowering their employees to take their own decisions. Empowerment of employees sounds good and will attract employees but the real factor here would be that this would to some extent create a very bias hiring environment in the company as Sharp mentioned that they hire employees with the right attitude for the company and there is little need for them to have experience as the work itself can be thought, which as mentioned before created a bias environment in Maldives as almost all the employees that were hired were foreigners and even though the local population had all the right credentials and at times even better that the foreigner staff, they were not selected and this is the major difference between Four Seasons and the other hotels as almost every hotel select their employees based on their qualification and experience but being selected for having the right attitude to some extent is inappropriate and unethical especially if they are selected by the color of their skin, which is taking it to the extent of being racist and this i s a very dangerous road to take especially if Four Seasons would like to expand to newer countries particularly the developing and non-developing countries. This is also one of the major differences between Four Seasons and other hotel brands as Marriott for example believes in hiring employees from various cultures so as to help incorporate a multi-cultural environment in the organisation. Another reason for companies trying to incorporate local cultures in the company is because of the Corporate Social Responsibility as it is one of the most important factor for the existence of any company as by not incorporating it into the company means that various stakeholders such as government, NGOs, suppliers, stakeholders, local residents, etc. would not respect the hotel brand and thus causing future problems. HRM influence on vision, mission values and companys identity Four Seasons have been in this business since the 1960s and have live by one mission called The Golden Rule which defines their values as well. They focus on their employees and promote empowerment in the company, in addition they hire employees based on their attitude and not on their experience and knowledge as they believe that the job can be learnt by training but the attitude of a person cannot be changed. Human Resource Department (HRM) is considered to be the most vital and unavoidable department of a company but the influence of the HRM on the company depends on the culture and values of the company and how important they consider the HRM is and if it would help to improve the companys staff quality. In terms of Four Seasons the HRM would be more of a supporting department as they would have little influence on the culture of the company and instead the culture of Four Seasons would identify the HRM departments duties and the kind of recruitment, selection, training, development, etc. criteria they need to follow. The organisation of Four Seasons depend on finding the employees that fit in their culture rather than hiring qualified and experienced staff and then molding them to the requirements of the company. This to some extent makes it a lot easier for the HRM in terms of designing the programs but it also makes it extremely difficult to look for the right people for the right job. Another factor would be to incorporate the empowerment factor into the selection, training and development programs as they will need to be very accurate so as to not select, train and develop the wrong people for the wrong job. To do so Four Seasons has already created a program which begins with h iring talented individuals with the resourcefulness and dedication to perform to their best and the training was began with a three month initial orientation and a supervisor and management development programs, the senior management had their own executive development programs and the employees also received classroom training. The whole employee development program was divided into seven parts being Recruitment, Selection, Orientation, Training, Performance Management, Rewards Recognition, Development Success and Promotion/Transfer each of these programs included their own specific components such as brain storming sessions and extensive interviews for Recruitment, align with strategy, attitude comes first, define required key competencies, 4 stages interview process and Behavioural Interviewing based on defined competencies for Selection, align with strategy, adequate lead time, emphasis on attitude, service teamwork, consistent global approach, multi-lingual Culture film, heavy management involvement buy-in and re-orientation as needed for Orientation, align with strategy, on-line (Standards) program, designated trainers and customers service skills, emphasis on Culture throughout and coordinated efforts for Training, align with strategy, identify key Competencies, Good At not simply Good Person, a ssessment starts early and never ends, provide actionable feedback, do it in time to make a difference, potential assessment, goals/processes/measures and do it in time to make a difference for Performance Management, paid vacations and monetary rewards for Rewards Recognition, align with strategy, succession planning, task force work, planned global exposure, multi-ethnic talent for Development Succession and based on performance experience and destinations of choice for Promotion/Transfer. The purpose of mentioning all these components is that the HRM program was extremely well defined and due to this the different departments did not need to depend on the HRM to tell them what was needed to be done but instead only had to follow these components and see that the employees followed them as well. Each and every factors of employee development was important but the most important factor for any company and especially in the hospitality industry is the Performance Management Syste m (PMS) which could be defined as A management technique intended to holistically consider the performance of (usually a group of) employees or machines to work towards optimum performance of a particular task or (more frequently) a group of tasks (Allsites LLC., 2010). The main reason why the PMS is so vital to an organisation is because in this stage the company can actually identify whether all the earlier stages such as Recruitment, Selection, Orientation and Training were successful and if there is a need to redo few or all of the stages again, in addition this gives an idea of what to expect in the future stages. In simple terms this is a crossroad that could make or break the whole program so considering its importance every organisation needs to develop the best possible components for it. Four Seasons have identified nine various components, which give an idea that they as well consider it to be a vital aspect. The major issue here as mentioned in the earlier section is the focus on empowerment of employees which drives the HRM department and this is also the reason why the HRM is more of a collaborator rather that than initiator which leave very little room for change and this would seriously affect their growth prospects as this would cause the HRM department to be bias towards a section of the employee market and this could also cause major future problems for the company such as distrust and deflation of the brand image. Another important factor would be to not to consider being selfish to a particular section of the employees especially the white skinned employees which in any country and also by U.N.s universal declaration on Race, Racism and the Law is considered to be racist and unethical, this can be proven by the article 23 point 1 in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, G.A. res. 217A (III), U.N. Doc A/810 at 71 (1948) which clearly states that Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favourable condit ions of work and to protection against unemployment (Bell, 2010). Thus it is extremely important for Four Seasons to try and not walk that line as selecting based on attitude could easily be perceived to be racist by international laws and this could also lead to a wide spread boycott of the Four Seasons and could tumble the identity and respect that the Four Seasons has earned. Policies and procedures in HRM and its evaluation The culture of Four Seasons is extremely strong and has a direct influence on the strategies of the HRM and has also dictates the policies and procedures of the department. Four Seasons always believes that the satisfaction of employees is more important than that of the customers. This can be seen in the benefits that the Four Seasons offer which is specifically created to motivate the employees to put in their best foot and this will be illustrated in the table below. Table : Benefits of working for Four Seasons (Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts, 2010) Company-Wide Benefits Career Growth Opportunities Unique Deep Culture Best-In-Industry Training Luxury Environment Within Magnificent Locations Worldwide Profit Sharing/Incentive Bonus/Competitive Salaries Complimentary Stays At Four Seasons Properties With Discounted Meals Paid Holidays/Vacation Educational Assistance Dental And Medical Insurance/Disability/Life Retirement Benefits/Pension Employee Service Awards Annual Employee Party/Social And Sporting Events Complimentary Meals In Dedicated Employee Restaurants In addition to these benefits there are other benefits that are given to the employees depending on the local law and regulations. The benefits are very specific and takes care of all the needs of the employees in terms of the Maslows Hierarchy of Needs we could get a much clear picture. The Maslows Hierarchy of Needs identifies 5 various needs of a human being and that they strive to achieve it throughout their life and these 5 needs will be shown in the figure below. Figure : Maslows Hierarchy of Needs (Maslow, 2009) Maslows Hierarchy of Needs The Maslows Hierarchy of Needs states that there are five main needs that a person needs to satisfy to make him feel complete and these needs are Physiological Needs, Safety Needs, Social Needs, Esteem Needs and Self-Actualization Needs. Physiological needs are the need for basic things like air, food, drinks, shelter, clothing, etc. (Chapman, 2010). Safety needs is specific to laws and regulation and its impact on personal life or whether it is safe to live (Chapman, 2010). Social Needs on the other hand is more to do with having relationship with different groups of people mainly family and friends (Chapman, 2010). Esteem needs are more psychology based like feeling independent, having high status and prestige, personal achievements, etc (Chapman, 2010). The Self-Actualization needs are the most tough but the most vital for feeling complete and this can be achieved when a person feels self-fulfilled, achieves personal growth and reaches the peak of his experience (Chapman, 2010). T he Maslows Hierarchy of needs does not only affect the normal way of life but also has an influence on the motivation of the employees in an organisation especially the hospitality sector this sector tends to have the highest percent of turnover which mainly depends on the benefits that the company offers. To get a comprehensible prospective to this the writer will compare the two factor being the benefits of Four Seasons and the Maslows Hierarchy of needs to see which benefits affect what type of needs. Figure : Maslows Hierarchy of Needs to Four Seasons Employee Benefits  ·Ã‚  Career growth opportunities  ·Ã‚  Unique deep culture  ·Ã‚  Best-in-industry training  ·Ã‚  Luxury environment in magnificent locations worldwide  ·Ã‚  Dental and medical   / disability / life insurance  ·Ã‚  Paid holidays / vacation  ·Ã‚  Educational assistance  ·Ã‚  Retirement benefits / pension  ·Ã‚  Complimentary meals in dedicated employee restaurants  ·Ã‚  Profit sharing / incentive bonus / competitive salaries  ·Ã‚  Complimentary stays at Four Seasons properties with discounted meals  ·Ã‚  Employee service awards  ·Ã‚  Annual employee party / social and sporting events  ·Ã‚  Career growth opportunities  ·Ã‚  Unique deep culture  ·Ã‚  Best-in-industry training  ·Ã‚  Luxury environment in magnificent locations worldwide  ·Ã‚  Dental and medical   / disability / life insurance  ·Ã‚  Paid holidays / vacation  ·Ã‚  Educational assistance  ·Ã‚  Retirement benefits / pension  ·Ã‚  Complimentary meals in dedicated employee restaurants  ·Ã‚  Profit sharing / incentive bonus / competitive salaries  ·Ã‚  Complimentary stays at Four Seasons properties with discounted meals  ·Ã‚  Employee service awards  ·Ã‚  Annual employee party / social and sporting events  ·Ã‚  Career growth opportunities  ·Ã‚  Unique deep culture  ·Ã‚  Best-in-industry training  ·Ã‚  Luxury environment in magnificent locations worldwide  ·Ã‚  Dental and medical   / disability / life insurance  ·Ã‚  Paid holidays / vacation  ·Ã‚  Educational assistance  ·Ã‚  Retirement benefits / pension  ·Ã‚  Complimentary meals in dedicated employee restaurants  ·Ã‚  Profit sharing / incentive bonus / competitive salaries  ·Ã‚  Complimentary stays at Four Seasons properties with discounted meals  ·Ã‚  Employee service awards  ·Ã‚  Annual employee party / social and sporting events  ·Ã‚  Career growth opportunities  ·Ã‚  Unique deep culture  ·Ã‚  Best-in-industry training  ·Ã‚  Luxury environment in magnificent locations worldwide  ·Ã‚  Dental and medical   / disability / life insurance  ·Ã‚  Paid holidays / vacation  ·Ã‚  Educational assistance  ·Ã‚  Retirement benefits / pension  ·Ã‚  Complimentary meals in dedicated employee restaurants  ·Ã‚  Profit sharing / incentive bonus / competitive salaries  ·Ã‚  Complimentary stays at Four Seasons properties with discounted meals  ·Ã‚  Employee service awards  ·Ã‚  Annual employee party / social and sporting events  ·Ã‚  Career growth opportunities  ·Ã‚  Unique deep culture  ·Ã‚  Best-in-industry training  ·Ã‚  Luxury environment in magnificent locations worldwide  ·Ã‚  Dental and medical   / disability / life insurance  ·Ã‚  Paid holidays / vacation  ·Ã‚  Educational assistance  ·Ã‚  Retirement benefits / pension  ·Ã‚  Complimentary meals in dedicated employee restaurants  ·Ã‚  Profit sharing / incentive bonus / competitive salaries  ·Ã‚  Complimentary stays at Four Seasons properties with discounted meals  ·Ã‚  Employee service awards  ·Ã‚  Annual employee party / social and sporting events  ·Ã‚  Career growth opportunities  ·Ã‚  Unique deep culture  ·Ã‚  Best-in-industry training  ·Ã‚  Luxury environment in magnificent locations worldwide  ·Ã‚  Dental and medical   / disability / life insurance  ·Ã‚  Paid holidays / vacation  ·Ã‚  Educational assistance  ·Ã‚  Retirement benefits / pension  ·Ã‚  Complimentary meals in dedicated employee restaurants  ·Ã‚  Profit sharing / incentive bonus / competitive salaries  ·Ã‚  Complimentary stays at Four Seasons properties with discounted meals  ·Ã‚  Employee service awards  ·Ã‚  Annual employee party / social and sporting events  ·Ã‚  Profit sharing / incentive bonus / competitive salaries  ·Ã‚  Complimentary stays at Four Seasons properties with discounted meals  ·Ã‚  Employee service awards  ·Ã‚  Profit sharing / incentive bonus / competitive salaries  ·Ã‚  Complimentary stays at Four Seasons properties with discounted meals  ·Ã‚  Employee service awards  ·Ã‚  Career growth opportunities  ·Ã‚  Unique deep culture  ·Ã‚  Best-in-industry training  ·Ã‚  Luxury environment in magnificent locations worldwide In the above figure the writer has clearly divided each of the benefits to the various needs that it satisfies. This figure clearly identifies that the main reason why Four Seasons is in the top 100 companies to work for is because of they try hard to satisfy the needs of their employees and in addition to this they also offer empowerment to its employees which directly or indirectly satisfies the needs of Esteem and Self-Actualization. As Vice President of HRM moving Four Seasons forward in the next four years Four Seasons is an organisation with great potential for growth, this is mainly because of their organizational culture and the way they take care of the employees. Employees are one of the most important stakeholders that have a direct impact on the organisation and if the employees are not happy then the customers will not be happy and thus affecting the running of the organisation. There are several factors that can be taken into account for the development of the organisation but the most important factor would be to focus less focus on empowerment and more on diversity. The reason behind identifying it as a factor is that even although the company is managing to reduce their turnover by hiring employees that fit their culture, Four Seasons has not considered the external effects of perusing such an option and this has already started to take its toll on the company as people have started to notice that Four Seasons are bias to foreigners especially white skin candidate, this kind of controversies could seriously deteriorate the companys image and brand name, in addition it could in long term affect their employee turnover and even cause the company to lose their customers. This is only a miner effect compared to what could happen later as loosing the customers will effect various stakeholders to stop trusting the future of the organisation and this will cause a ripple effect where the stocks of the company will start falling, investors will start withdrawing their stocks and ultimately causing Four Seasons a final blow. This at the end would bring t he company to the verge of bankruptcy. This is farfetched and may not even happen exactly as mentioned but sooner or later people will start to notice the biasness and retaliate accordingly. The above elastration is the consequence of ignoring the issue but the real issue is what Four Seasons can do to avoid such a massive collapse. This may not be easy and could take a lot of time and money to reverse it. To begin with the company first needs to incorporate diversity to their culture as they need to stop judging that foreigners candidates are better at the use of empowerment than the local candidates and rather than hiring all the employees from outside resident country, they should divide the employee as 60% to 70% foreigners and 30% to 40% local should be included into their policies of HRM, this is simple terms means that Four Seasons needs to incorporate Talent Management in their strategy. Talent Management can be defined as A conscious, deliberate approach undertaken to attract, develop and retain people with the aptitude and abilities to meet current and future organizational needs. Talent management involves individual and organizational development in response to a changing and complex operating environment. It includes the creation and maintenance of a supportive, people oriented organisation culture (Derek Stockley Pty Ltd., 2005). Talent management incorporates the whole process of the HRM such as recruitment, development, performance management, retention, etc. and it does not end there as it also helps develop the culture of the organisation towards a more positive outlook. The purpose of identifying Talent Management as an option is due the effect it could have on the HRM and Four Seasons as it helps to identify critical areas that need to be changed, takes phased approach to implementing a strategy within the areas, creates ways to assessing the impact on the areas and conducts reviews on the varies areas so provide input for future implementation (TalentAlign, 2010). Figure : Talent Management Concept http://www.taleo.com/sites/default/files/article-talent-management.jpg (Taleo Corporation, 2010) Based on the above shown figure we can identify that there are two major factors influencing talent management which are business goals and business performance and these are more like a cause and effect of the company, the cause being the business goal and effect being business performance. The figure also identifies all the various segments that talent management influences by dividing it into 4 sections namely Align, Assess, Acquire and Develop. To explain it better Align and Assess are pre-recruiting stages or planning stage where the HRM can identify the purpose and outcome that they would like want to achieve. Acquire and Develop on the other hand is involved with more of the physical aspect of the HRM for instance recruiting, training, development, performance management, etc. Talent Management could in actual fact help Four Seasons to provide authority to the HRM department and thus restructuring the organisation to provide optimal workforce. This system is not bias thus chan ging the selection process and making the organisation more diverse. Craig Hickman a famous author of various books on business and management such as The Strategic Game, Mind of a Manager, Soul of a Leader, etc. identifies diversity to be an important component to the success of an organization and believes that organizations take it extremely lightly as they only tolerate it rather than embracing it and this is mainly due to the external influence such as government and local residence (Hickman, 2006). It is not just important for Four Seasons to incorporate diversity using talent management but also so embrace it with the optimism that it will improve their current position. The whole process of talent management should take around two to three years to accurately be integrated in the organisation but even after it integration Four Seasons needs to continue to develop it and follow up on the progress and identify the way to improve it. Another option for the company which may even be cheaper and less time consuming than talent management would be the use of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). In simple terms CSR is the involvement towards the economy, environment and social sustainability of the public with the assistance of various stakeholders (Baker, Corporate Social Responsibility What does it mean?). The purpose of identifying CSR as an option is because of cost effectiveness, media attractiveness, direct influence, no change in the organ

Friday, October 25, 2019

Acid Rain :: Free Essay Writer

Screaming at the Perception of Death   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I definitely will always remember this cold and rainy night as if I was just waking from the night before. We were young then and had no idea what this life had to offer us. It was careless and at the time I could have cared less...my whole world could have come crashing down at this one moment with one smash, one swerve or one scream and I could have cared less...we were on so many drugs and so many highs we couldn’t have cared about things like life, love or family...When I thought I was dead I could not have cared more.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It all started late that night. It was a freezing night and the sky was dark and gloomy. The air smelled of rain and moisture because it had been raining all day. One of my good friends, Tony, and I were staying the night at my house after a long night of drinking, partying and hanging out at The Palace, an underage dance club down the street from my house. We had already told my mom goodnight and headed off to bed. Our night was not over yet though...A friend of ours, Dana, was having a party at her house all weekend because her mom was out of town. We had asked my mom earlier if we could stay at Tony’s house because we knew his dad would just let us go, but I think she had a hint already of that situation so she said no and that she thought we should just stay there. We were going to the party anyways.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The phone rang and it must have been one of the loudest most piercing rings ever because we were on our way out the door trying our hardest to get out without making a sound so that we could escape the house without my mom knowing. My mom’s scream, â€Å"TOOONY...who in the hell is calling my house at two o’clock in the morning?† was all I heard as I sprinted back in the house to throw my shoes off and answer the phone knowing it was probably one of my friends being drunk and ignorant.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This time the phone was for her... perfect time to leave â€Å"Moooom, its for you! Pick it up in there!† I slammed the phone down. We bailed outside as quiet and quickly as we could.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

How Beneficial an Online Education Can Be for You

An online education is a wonderful opportunity. You have the flexibility of taking a course on your own time. The flexibility of an online education allows you to be able to attend classes no matter your work schedule, or home schedule. Anywhere you have access to the Internet you can take classes. With recent computer mobility in the form of netbooks and the iPad, the opportunity to receive an education is endless.Learning online enables you to become Internet and computer savvy, two skills that are necessity in the ever-changing world of technology. You have access to course material round the clock. In a virtual classroom setting, you are able to go over lectures, lessons and other dicussions multiple times. You can learn at your own pace and do not have to worry about missing a class because of illness or other personal reasons.Participating in an online lesson discussion is not as daunting as in a regular classroom setting. Students remain pretty much anonymous are not judged by age, race or gender. Many people feel intimidated to participate in a regular classroom for fear of being judged or not having time to catch up to what is being taught. On the Internet, students have a chance to give thought to a question before answering and submitting their comments. The virtual classroom makes it easier for students to approach their instructor.They feel it is easier to speak with their instructor through online chats and email; this form of communication boosts student and instructor interaction. Everybody wins in this type of environment. Students that need flexibility because they have to work or have to care for children or other members of their family, the opportunity to earn a degree virtually is invaluable. With all the benefits of an online education, it is no wonder there is an ever-increasing number of students are turning towards an education online.

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Nineteen Minutes, by Jodi Picoult Essay

This is the story of the directionless and destination-less youngsters. This is also the story of the combustible younger generation. Incidents similar to the one depicted in the story can be read in newspapers day after day. The readers are pained, excited and habituated to read such stories and to an extent, have become insensitive as for its implications. If there is no discipline and peace in the society, carry on with the available discipline and peace—seems to be the attitude of the citizens. The blame-game between the politicians, the executive and the judiciary as for the present pathetic state of affairs in the society continues! Nobody is able to give the tangible solution to the octopus-like growing problem. Nagging, abusing and condemning each other have become the way of life. The pages of human history daubed in bloodshed due to the negative attitudes and violence in the name of religion, language, color, race, territorial gains and aggrandizement for wealth, ask the crying question. How to make this Planet Earth heaven-like? The answer is simple and direct. Eyes full of understanding, hearts full of love and the life that refuses conflicts—enough, these alone are enough! What is depicted in ‘Nineteen Minutes,’ is the model of what is happening all over the world on a large scale. The incidents of 9/11 took place in less than 19 minutes. But what were the implications and detailed planning and above all, the mind-set, behind that tragedy! The incident had the potentially to set the entire globe on fire! The hero of Nineteen Minutes, Peter Houghton, 17 years, has been at the receiving end throughout his school life, mentally tortured and tormented, and finally the ‘volcano within him erupts’ He fights back in a dramatic, and perhaps dastardly manner. The shooting at the school leaves nineteen injured and ten dead. The composition of the book has everything to make it an interesting read, and the arguments of the two lawyers, bring out the best as for the life and motives of Peter. The author uses the flashback technique to develop the story. The major players of the plot come to play, Josie Cormier, former best friend of Peter, her mother, the detective and defense lawyer, Peter’s parents-Picoult describes their interactions with sympathy and understanding. He has given to the readers a very interesting book. The theme of the book and the author’s attitude towards the theme, both evoke curiosity. The level of detachment achieved by the author in developing the characters is commendable. Without giving room for too much sentimentalism, a grim situation manifests clearly, grows and attains new dimensions. The book deserves an outstanding position on account of this approach. The mutual interactions over the situation between different characters reveal in the most natural way, the convictions for which the novel stands for. This is the uniqueness of the novel. The narrations are beautiful and as the story develops, it becomes poignant, without losing its ground and reality. If ten or more individuals are united for a cause, and align with the Satan’s domain, that won’t make their alignment stronger. Truth has always been in minority numerically, taking any epic for example, but it is the ultimate victor. Peter’s position is the same. The majority pushed him to the wall and Peter thought that for the desperate situation, desperate remedy is the solution. Some bullets solved his decade-old problem. Those who go through the contents of the book carefully, sympathize with him, not condemn! Everyone has the right of self-defense, and in the process that you kill ten or fifty persons is altogether a different issue. This takes one to the portals of an important social problem. What if the gun control laws were there? Could the tragedy have been averted? The answer is both yes and no. The real problem is not the creation of the gun, but the creation of Peters in the society, for which the society, the parents, brothers and sisters, the friends, the teachers and Preachers, law enforcing authorities, and above all the politicians are responsible—and oh yes, the print and electronic media too, that plays to the gallery and creates deep impact in the impressionable minds of the kids! They must get more and more advertisement revenue no matter what the impact of this white-color robbery on the psyche of the society. These forces have created Peters. So unless the people are basically sound, and basic conditions are created for the people to become basically sound, many more Peters will incarnate. Countries with gun control laws have also Peters. So, changing the gun control laws is not the solution. Changing the thought process of the individuals is! An individual is the foundation stone of the society. Unless one’s thought process changes, one’s action process will not change. When the thoughts are changed, the mind is changed; when the mid is changed, the man is changed; when the man is changed, the society is changed. The message of the book by Picoult is clear. Children-friendly approach is required as for small and big problems confronting them; the teachers need to keep a careful watch as for the groups in classes or the institution as a whole. These groups could be due to any reason, simple jealousies, race and color, rich and poor and this listing of problems can go on and on†¦. The vigilant teaching community has great responsibility in this area. In the materialistic society, due to the impact of industrial and internet revolutions, the parents have little time to spend with the children. The educational institutions are the best alternatives to the prevailing family atmosphere, wherein children can be imparted the moral, ethical and even spiritual education. References Cited: Picoult, Jodi: Book: Nineteen Minutes Hardcover: 464 pages Publisher: Atria; 1st edition. edition (March 5, 2007) Language: English ISBN-10: 0739480715 ISBN-13: 978-0743496728 ASIN: 0743496728

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

Citing Primary Sources in OSCOLA Referencing

Citing Primary Sources in OSCOLA Referencing Citing Primary Sources in OSCOLA Referencing citation systems as well. In the UK, the most common form of legal referencing is OSCOLA (or the Oxford Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities). And in this post, we look at how to cite primary sources with OSCOLA. First, though, what exactly is a primary source? Primary and Secondary Sources OSCOLA classes sources as either â€Å"primary† or â€Å"secondary.† Primary sources are legal sources, such as cases and legislative documents. Secondary sources cover everything else, including books, journal articles, and websites. In either case, you will use superscript numbers (e.g., 1, 2, 3) to indicate a citation, with details of the source given in a footnote. But the information you give here will depend on the source in question. For primary sources, this usually means either a case report or a legislative act. Citing Case Reports in OSCOLA When citing a UK case with a neutral citation, you will need to provide the following information in the accompanying footnote: Case Name | [Year] | Court | Number,| [Year] | Volume | Report Abbreviation | First Page However, you only need to include the case name in the footnote if it is not used in the text. And as shown, the neutral citation should be separated from the law report citation by a comma. Cases from before 2001 will not have a neutral citation, so footnotes for older cases should only include the following details: Case Name | [Year] | Volume | Report Abbreviation | First Page | (Court) Examples of the above would thus appear as follows in footnote citations: Neutral Citation: PI vs Walls [2008] UKHL 15, [2008] 4 AC 1284 No Neutral Citation: GM vs Nissan [1983] 1 AC 154 (UKHL) Citing Legislation in OSCOLA Other than cases, the main primary sources in OSCOLA referencing are legislative acts and statutory instruments. When citing a UK legislative act, all you need is the short title and year. For instance: Act of Supremacy 1558 To reference a particular section, meanwhile, simply add it after the year: Human Rights Act 1998 s 7 The â€Å"s† before the â€Å"7† above is short for â€Å"section.† However, the correct abbreviation here may depend on what you’re citing: part/parts pt/pts section/sections s/ss subsection/subsections sub-s/sub-ss paragraph/paragraphs para/paras subparagraph/subparagraphs subpara/subparas schedule/schedules sch/schs You may also need to cite a statutory instrument at some point. To do this, the footnote should include the title, year and the SI number (after a comma). So, for instance, we could cite a statutory instrument as follows: The Deregulation Act 2015 (Commencement No. 4) Order 2015, SI 2015  2074 (C.  130) Cases and Legislation in an OSCOLA Bibliography As well as footnote citations, you will need to list all primary sources in a bibliography at the end of your document. For primary sources, the general rules in an OSCOLA bibliography are: Provide full information for each source. Divide primary sources into a Table of Cases and a Table of Legislation (you may also want to separate acts of legislation from legislative instruments). Sort cases/acts into separate sections by jurisdiction (unless you have not cited many sources, in which case they can be combined). List sources within their categories alphabetically by case name/title. List secondary sources separately under the heading â€Å"Bibliography.† This will make it easy for readers to find the various primary sources you have used in your work. And if you’d like someone to double check your referencing when youve finished writing, we’re always happy to help.

Monday, October 21, 2019

Navajo Exile The Treaty of 1868

Navajo Exile The Treaty of 1868 Free Online Research Papers First Peoples of North America Since the settlement of Euro-Americans in North American territory and the establishment of the United States as an independent nation, Native American people have been greatly impacted by foreign politics. Euro-Americans and the United States government interacted mostly with these Native American tribes though the establishment of treaties, which were supposed to benefit both parties involved. However, indigenous tribes found themselves taken advantage of, not respected as a nation by foreign politics and slowly losing their way of life to the dominating Euro-American culture. One tribe that was greatly impacted by treaties and foreign policy were the Navajo people in the Southwest. Like the other indigenous tribes of North America, the Navajo people were slowly negotiated out of land and independence. The Navajo people originate from Southwest, most specifically northwestern New Mexico. They call themselves Dine, meaning â€Å"the people† and refer to their land as Dinetah, meaning â€Å"land of the people†. Their way of life included hunting, farming, tailor-made garments and in later years turned to herding as their major economic focus. Before the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo between the United States and Mexico on February 2, 1848, the Navajo people interacted mostly with Mexico since they were colonized by the Spanish. Under the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, the United States gained more than 1.2 million square miles of territory (what we now refer to as New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado, Utah, Nevada and California) in exchange for $15 million. However, the confrontations between the Navajo people and Mexico were now something that the United States inherited. On August 31, 1849, U.S. representatives James Calhoun and Colonel John Washington met with a group of Navaj o people to explain the United States government’s plans to build forts and settle peacefully in the region. Unfortunately, the ended in an outburst of violence and U.S. soldiers shot and killed seven Navajo’s after a dispute over a Mexican guide’s horse being stolen. Needless to say, news of the tragic event made its way to the many bands of Navajo people and they each decided where they stand on the issue of American settlement. Different influential leaders of different bands of Navajo people entered into negotiations with U.S. representatives and signed a series of treaties. In the early 1950s, the United States erected their first fort in Navajo country and named it Fort Defiance. The name itself hinted at the tension and uneasy feelings between the United States and the indigenous people of the area. In July of 1858, a group of Navajos shot and killed the black slave of the fort’s commanding officer, Captain William T.H. Brooks. The slave, known as Jim, was killed in response to the slaughter of Navajo leader Manuelito’s cattle that were grazing on land claimed by both the United States and Manuelito. Captain William T.H. Brooks than demanded that the Navajos bring him the man responsible for Jim’s murder. Instead they killed a Mexican man, brought his body to the fort and identified him as Jim’s murderer. Brooks was not convinced and dispatched his troops to Navajo country where they killed the first band of Navajo people they encountered. Unsettled land disputes and the United States’ interaction with several different Navajo leaders that could not sign treaties on behalf of all bands of Navajo, resulted in the massacre of a group of Navajo people who most likely had no knowledge of the original dispute. By the 1860s, the United States negotiated a treaty with the Navajo people that would allow members of the Navajo tribe to travel to Fort Fauntleroy and receive rations of food. Eventually, U.S. Army officials began planning a major military campaign to force the Navajo people to submit to federal authority. The Civil War gave the U.S. army stationed in New Mexico the perfect justification to wage battles against the Navajo people. In the fall of 1862, General James Carleton was assigned commander of the U.S. Army in New Mexico Territory and began his campaign to round up the scattered Navajo people and relocate them to Fort Sumner in New Mexico. â€Å"On the reservation, they would be a captive audience for whites seeking to â€Å"civilize† them by preaching Christianity and teaching them other non-Indian values. Held long enough†¦the Indians might be compelled to assimilate into mainstream American society† (Iverson, pg. 34). Despite the Navajo peoples’ at tempt to flee capture by U.S. soldiers, many bands of the Navajo tribe were rounded up and sent to Fort Wingate to prepare for the long journey to Fort Sumner. By 1864, the U.S. Army captured more than eight thousand Navajo people and forced them to walk two hundred and fifty miles to Fort Sumner. Any members of the tribe that resisted were abused or shot, women who gave birth along the way were given to special consideration as they were forced to continue on the journey, and at least two thousand men women and children died along the way. This large campaign of forced relocation is commonly known as The Long Walk, and something that has never been forgotten amongst the Navajo tribe. Once they reached Fort Sumner, the U.S. Army quickly realized how ill equipped they were to house and feed so many captives. Their initial plan to make the natives grow their own food and farm the land failed, as the farming conditions and insect problems led to crop failure. The U.S. Army eventually negotiated contracts with non-Indians to provide food for the Navajo people. Corrupt suppliers sold them spoiled food, and many of the natives suffered digestive problems and dysentery (an inflammatory disorder of the intestine that causes diarrhea). The campaign was a complete and utter failure that resulted in the Navajo tribe losing their land, being torn away from their natural way of life, and eventually being put under the control of the Bureau of Indian Affairs in January of 1867. The BIA was established in 1824 as an agency in the Department of the Interior for the sole purpose managing governmental relations with indigenous people. The construction of the transcontinental railroad brought more and more American settlers and caused the United States government to rethink its Native American policies. To make way for American settlers, the United States entered into new negotiations with Native American tribes that would lay out the terms of their confinement on reservations in Indian Territory. Out of this, the United States Peace Commission was established to negotiate treaties with the various tribes. The two members chosen to visit the Navajo tribe at Fort Sumner were Colonel Samuel F. Tappan and General William Tecumseh Sherman. In the spring of 1868, Tappan and Sherman spoke with ten representatives of the Navajo people at Fort Sumner and explained the federal policy of relocating tribes to reservations in Indian Territory. The Navajo representatives expressed the tribe’s desire to go back to their homeland, and one representative named Barboncito told the visitors, â€Å"The bringing of us here had caused great decrease of our numbers- many of us have died, also a great number of our animals†¦ Our grandfathers had no idea of living in any other country except our own†¦ When the Navajos were first created, four mountains and four rivers were pointed out to us, inside of which we should live; that [which] was to be our country was given to us by the first woman of the Navajo’s tribe. I hope to God you will not ask me to go to any other country than my own† (Iverson, pg. 38). Sherman then explained that he would be willing to consider the option of the allowing the Navajo people to return to their homeland, but that the tribe would have to live peacefully within the boundaries designated by the United States government. On June 1, 1868, the Navajo tribe signed a treaty with the United States government that would allow them to return home. Once ratified by the government, the treaty laid out the initial boundaries of the Navajo Reservation that was made up of 3.5 million acres of land that spread across northeastern Arizona and northwestern New Mexico. Another part of the treaty involved the United States providing one teacher for every thirty Navajo children between the ages of six and eighteen that had a desire to attend school. â€Å"The U.S. government also pledged to give the Navajo people seeds and farming equipment and to purchase fifteen thousand sheep and goats and five hundred beef cattle for their use. In turn the Navajos agreed not to oppose the construction of any railroad or roads through the reservation, not to raid non-Indian settlements, and not to block the building of any military posts in their midst† (Iverson, pg. 42). With the signing of this treaty, the Navajo people became one of the very few native tribes of North America that were able to return to their ancestral homeland, while other tribes were forced to endure permanent removal from their homeland and live in Indian Territory. Although the Navajo tribe was able to return to their ancestral homeland, dealings with the United States government and the tribe did not end with the signing of the Treaty of 1868. The tribe was still only allowed to return to a portion of their homeland, and land disputes between white settlers and Navajo people seemed to be never ending. Navajo sheepherders and white ranchers both wanted use of public domains and white settlers wanted to settle on land at the boundaries of Navajo land. Also, other tribes constantly raided Navajo land and the so called protection the U.S. Army pledged to provide was almost non-existent. However, there were good things that came from The Long Walk. Because the United States government dealt with the Navajo people as a whole, and not individual bands within the tribe, they began to see the need to work together. This sense of unity for the Navajo people continued in the years that followed, and as the Navajo tribe grew in numbers; they eventually en tered into negotiations with the United States government for more land. Between 1878 and 1884, the Navajo people were able to convince the United States government to give them an additional 3.6 million acres of land to accommodate its people. While most Indians were losing their land to American expansion, the Navajos were demanding more territory through their government appointed Indian agents. However, in 1882 the United States government established a reservation for the Hopi Indians that included land already given to the Navajo people. The executive order that established an Indian Reservation for the Hopi Indians stated that â€Å"Hopi land could be occupied by ‘other Indians as the Secretary of the Interior may see fit to settle thereon’ † (Iverson, 45). The United States expected both tribes to share land, overlapped previous land negotiations with the Navajo tribe and resulted in problems between the Navajos and Hopis many years later. In 1933, the Bureau of Indian Affairs instituted a policy of livestock reduction among the Navajos due to overgrazing and much damage to Navajo land. John Collier, commissioner of the BIA, was able to get a few small additions to Navajo land if the tribe reduced some of their livestock at the same time. Although Collier initially attempted to carry out this policy with the cooperation of the Navajo people, he was forced to make decisions as the tribe was very hesitant to give up their livestock. Some Navajos were taken to jail for refusing to round up livestock or for fighting the agents who were part of the reduction program. â€Å"†¦they resented the loss of their livestock- especially for their sheep- because they saw it as an attack not only upon their means of support but upon their very culture† (Iverson, pg. 61). After 1936, agents began forcibly taking livestock without explaining why and with very little sensitivity towards their importance to the Navajo people. During a public hearing in 1936, Chee Dodge warned the U.S. Senate Committee on Indian Affairs by saying, â€Å"You take sheep away from a Navajo, that’s all he knows. He isn’t going to farm or anything like that; you might give a few acres to the poor ones, but stock-raising is in their heart. That’s their work. If you keep cutting down sheep, after a while the government will have to feed these people, give them rations; you know what that will cost† (Iverson, pg. 65). After the livestock reduction program concluded, many Navajo people had to find work in small towns and big cities off the reservations. As World War II began, many native people left their reservations to work in war related industries and twice as many Native Americans enlisted in the war. â€Å"World War II probably marked the greatest change in the lives of Native Americans since Columbus mistakenly identified the Americas for the Indies† (Holm, pg. 28). There are most likely two major reasons that Native Americans had such an overwhelming turn out to support the United States in the fight against the Axis; one being economic and the other having to do with a somewhat political allegiance to the United States. The United States, not excluding Native Americans, was in an economic depression. The Navajo especially had seen their livestock and livelihood taken away from them, leaving them to fend for themselves and quickly find other alternatives to support their families. Since the military offered room, board, clothing a paycheck; the military was seen as a way to earn money, fight for their land, and send m oney home to their families. As far as allegiance to the United States was concerned, the Navajo and many other native tribes had to look to the United States to ensure their ownership of what lands they had left over from signing treaties with whites. The Selective Training and Service Act of 1940 led to thousands of American and Native American men being drafted to serve in all branches of the United States armed forces. In response, John Collier, Commissioner of Indian Affairs, and Jacob Morgan, chair of the Navajo Nation, called for separate Native American military units. Their reasoning was that Navajos should be in separate units because they shared a common language, meaning no time would be wasted in interpreters translating commands. Also, since Native American tribes were recognized as semi-sovereign protectorates; they were entitled separate and individual Indian military units. To affirm their sovereign status even more, Native American tribes all over the United States began to declare war free of the United States and issued formal declarations of war after the bombing of Pearl Harbor. The Navajo tribal council was the first Native American nation to do so, declaring â€Å"†¦that there was a ‘threat of fo reign invasion’ and that ‘any un-American movement among out people will be resented and dealt with severely.’ Moreover, ‘We resolve that Navajo Indians stand ready as they did in 1918 to aid and defend out government and its institutions against all subversive and armed conflict and pledge our loyalty to the system which recognized minority rights and a way of life that has placed us among the greatest people of our race† (Holm, pg. 36-37). It was on August 7, 1943 that the Navajo code talkers made their war introduction at the United States attack on Guadalcanal. In Richard Tregaskis’ book titled Guadalcanal Diary, he writes of how a medical officer on the troop ship the night before witnessed the Navajo soldiers â€Å" ‘doing a war dance’ in the hold of the troop ship†¦ ritually preparing themselves for the dangers ahead† (Holm, pg. 53). The Navajo code talkers were called upon to transmit orders, coordinate artille ry barrages, and report casualties while at the same time perfecting their code under battle conditions and exposing themselves to the tropical diseases of the area. The idea to use the Navajo language as a United States code language during World War II came from Philip Johnston, a civil engineer in Los Angeles and the son of a missionary who lived in Navajo country. Johnston grew up speaking the Navajo language and often acted as a translator during official meetings between the Navajo tribe and the federal government. In February of 1942, United Marine Corps recruiters travelled to Navajo lands to enlist a group of thirty men fluent in the Navajo language. Navajo code talkers only had two months to create the code and be trained on the use of the various kinds of radio equipment. â€Å"It not only took a great memory to be a code talker, but also an almost unbelievable ability to use both Navajo and English correctly and quickly† (Holm, pg. 78). Navajo marines were also trained in combat just like their fellow marines, and had to step away from their radio packs and engage in the fight when things became intense. Members of the Navajo t ribe traditionally have abhorrence to dead bodies and burial grounds, and anyone who has come in contact with the dead or been around the dead for a while must take part in special ceremonies to be purified. â€Å"The Navajo code was never broken and was a great factor in winning the war in the Pacific†¦ ‘Were it not for the Navajos, the Marines would never have taken Iwo Jima! The entire operation was directed by Navajo code† (Holm, pg. 83). Despite the history between the Navajo (and Native American tribes alike) and the United States, the hope of most Native Americans was that the American system of justice would prevail and right the past wrongs done to its Native American citizens. Navajo soldiers, who returned from the war and were exposed to more of the outside world, were convinced that the Navajo nation needed to learn how to better deal with the non-Indian populace. Immediately following World War II, Congress created the Indian Claims Commission in 1946 to give rulings on various claims made by Native Americans against the United States. This was partly done to give justice to those Native Americans who suffered at the hands of the federal government, while it also was setting things up for the federal government to withdrawal from the affairs of the native people. This new federal Indian policy came to be known as Termination, because its main goal was to end the federal government’s financial responsi bilities to Native American tribes and cease with special protection of reservation lands. The Navajo nation opposed Termination, arguing that â€Å"†¦their ancestors had signed treaties and agreements with the federal government, and therefore they were entitled to the unique legal status that these treaties granted them. Although tribes were not always pleased with the way in which the federal government acted toward them, they were even warier of the state governments, most of which in the past had shown little interest in the Indians† (Holm, pg. 74). In 1950 Congress passed the Navajo-Hopi Rehabilitation Act, stating that tribe will receive $88 million over a ten-year period for internal projects such as reservation infrastructure and education. The Navajos knew that if they were survive and prosper as a tribal nation, their children and younger adults needed access to better education. In 1956 and 1957 large oil and gas fields were discovered in Navajo lands, and br ought in millions of dollars each year in oil royalties to the Navajo economy. By 1969, the Navajo people were officially referring to their great tribe as the Navajo Nation. While the Navajo Nation has come a long way since the Long Walk and the signing of the Treaty of 1868, many of the Navajo people still face poverty and unemployment. The signing of the Treaty of 1868 was the first step toward the Navajo people moving forward with a nation while not completely assimilating to their culture. The Navajo Nation has managed to act as a sovereign Indian nation, hold onto a portion of their original homeland, aid the United States in an Allied victory over the Axis during World War II and turn a federal policy like Termination into a chance for them to grow more independent. Though the future of the Navajo Nation is in no way guaranteed to be prosperous and free from conflict, the Navajo Nation still holds onto values and beliefs that helped guide their ancestors through hardships in the past. Bibliography Iverson, Peter, and Jennifer Nez Denetdale. The Navajo (Indians of North America). New York: Chelsea House Publications, 2005. Print. H., Oswalt, Wendell. This land was theirs a study of Native North Americans. Los Angeles: University of California, Oxford UP, 2009. Print. Holm, Tom. Code Talkers and Warriors Native Americans and World War II (Landmark Events in Native American History). New York: Chelsea House Publications, 2007. Print. Denetdale, Jennifer. The Long Walk The Forced Navajo Exile (Landmark Events in Native American History). New York: Chelsea House Publications, 2007. Print. Research Papers on Navajo Exile & The Treaty of 1868The Effects of Illegal Immigration19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Where Wild and West MeetBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XTwilight of the UAWCapital PunishmentAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite Religion

Saturday, October 19, 2019

Beauty is not so easily measured

It is a story about beauty and this man’s relationship to beauty, and the psychological relationship he has to the idea of beauty and what is behind the idea of beauty. Yasunari wrote â€Å"The Man Who Did Not Smile† as a first-person account from the film writer’s standpoint.   The man is on location for a film he has written about patients in a mental hospital, and is in the process of discovering a final scene for his film.   He finds it one morning while â€Å"gazing out on the Kamo River,† (Yasunari, 1929/1990, p. 128) upon waking, finding himself amid the memories of a previous day and recalling a mask that he had seen in a display window.   It is that image that gives him the idea for his final scene of the movie, â€Å"a daydream† (p. 129) filled with masks of smiling faces. The search for the masks to be used in the film becomes the central drama of the story—and the protagonist’s relationship to those masks once he takes them to his wife and children after the filming of the movie is complete.   The masks are delicate and the actors must handle them carefully.   Yet, there is some power within those masks.   The film writer decides to buy them so they can be handled without fear of them being destroyed, and it is in the power of those masks that the protagonist realizes his own relationship with beauty. â€Å"Well then, I’ll buy them.   I did actually want them.   I daydreamed as if awaiting the future when the world would be in harmony and people would all wear the same gentle face as these masks.   (p. 131) His children love the masks, but he refuses to wear them.   His wife agrees to put one on, and it is in that moment that he discovers his true relationship to his wife’s beauty.   â€Å"The moment she removed the mask, my wife’s face somehow appeared ugly† (p. 131).   It is as though he is seeing her face for the first time—and his own idea of her beauty, or, in this case, the â€Å"ugliness of her own countenance† (p. 131).   As his wife lay in the hospital bed, he is faced not only with a new idea of beauty, but his own sense of self—one that might appear as â€Å"an ugly demon† (p. 132) to his wife.   He would be exposed to his real self, his true nature. Psychologist C. G. Jung writes that the mask can be seen as the outer persona we show to the world, the way we want to be seen (Jung, 1929/1983, p. 96).   â€Å"The mask is the ad hoc adopted attitude, I have called the persona, which was the name for the masks worn by actors in antiquity† (Jung, 1921/1983, p. 98).   The narrator is forced to confront not only what lies behind his wife’s beauty/ugliness, but also his idea of his own beauty/ugliness.   The â€Å"beautiful mask† (p. 132) reveals another question, too:   whether or not the face he sees on his wife could be artificial, too, â€Å"just like the mask† (p. 132).   It’s a perplexing question, but one that reveals, like the mask, much about the filmmaker’s relationship to himself and his world. While the idea of beauty colors Yasunari’s 1963 â€Å"palm-of-the-hand† story â€Å"Immortality,† the concept of eternal love is the central theme.   In this short story, two lovers have reunited after being apart for at least five decades—but their reunion comes in the afterlife, as they are now each dead.   Yasunari presents a portrait of an eighteen-year-old girl and a man sixty years her senior walking through some woods in a land they’d both known together while alive.   The scene is haunting as the girl is not aware the man has passed on into the afterlife until the end, when, upon that realization, the two â€Å"go into the tree and stay† (Yasunari, 1963/2005, p. 326). The love between the two has been eternal, in a sense—the girl killed herself because of her love for the man when they had to separate, and he wound up spending much of his life on the land overlooking that spot in the ocean where she died. The man has returned to the land where she died to reclaim her.   He wants to be with her forever.   However, he doesn’t know he is dead, and neither does she. Once she realizes he, too, is dead, they are able to reunite into eternity in nature, merging themselves into an old tree where they will live forever. Like â€Å"The Man Who Did Not Smile,† Yasunari uses the idea of beauty and the mask that we wear—Jung’s â€Å"persona†Ã¢â‚¬â€as an aspect of â€Å"Immortality.†Ã‚   The girl tells the old man, Shintaro, that she has lived in the afterlife with the image of him as a young man.   â€Å"You are eternally young to me,† (p. 325) she says, even though the man is now old. If I hadn’t drowned myself and you came to the village now to see me, I’d be an old woman. How disgusting.   I wouldn’t want you to see me like that.   (p. 325) For the girl, memories are important.   Her spirit carries them as she lives in the afterlife.   Scholar James Hillman says that memories are important for the soul, carrying with them energy that thrives for the departed person.   The girl realizes this, too, in a way:   â€Å"If you were to die, there wouldn’t be anyone on earth who would remember me,† she says (p. 325). The soul, they say, needs models for its mimesis in order to recollect eternal verities and primordial images.   If in its life on earth it does not meet these as mirrors of the soul’s core, mirrors in which the soul can recognize its truths, then its flame will die and its genius wither.   (p. 159) The girl imagines ugliness representing old age—that ancient mask we all wear once we have passed from the prime years of our life.   Even though the old man is wearing that mask, she doesn’t see it:   she has only her memories carried with her at the time of her death, so she sees him as an eighteen-year-old, also.   For the man, he never experienced his lover as an old woman; thus, her youth is indeed eternal for him. Yasunari uses few characters in both stories, keeping each â€Å"palm-of-the-hand† short and simple.   The narrator in â€Å"The Man Who Did Not Smile† is joined by the mask buyer, his wife, and his children in the tale, while it is only Shintaro and his young lover in â€Å"Immortality.†Ã‚   We do not see deeply driven characterization in either story, as Yasunari essentially paints portraits of each actor through their thoughts and actions.   Like a beautiful painting of a sunset or sunrise, we must use our imagination amidst the texture and colors of the painting to grasp its deeper meaning. Indeed, Yasunari’s beautiful use of words shines in both stories in his colorful imagery.   It is simple:   â€Å"An old man and a young girl were walking together,† he writes to begin â€Å"Immortality.†Ã‚   He ends that story almost the same way he begins â€Å"The Man Who Did Not Smile†Ã¢â‚¬â€with the picture of the sky. The color at evening began to drift onto the small saplings behind the great trees.   The sky beyond turned a faint red where the ocean sounded.   (p. 326). â€Å"The Man Who Did Not Smile,† on the other hand, begins with the image of the sky as well.   â€Å"The sky had turned a deep shade; it looked like the surface of a beautiful celadon porcelain piece† (p. 128).   It is a daydream of sorts, a beautiful portrait into which Yasunari takes the reader as he moves through the inner world of the film writer. Both stories are magical.   It is the â€Å"magic of those trees† (p. 325) that captures the imagination of Shintaro and his young lover.   Those trees are part of land his family owned, and he later sold to the men who turned the land into a golfer’s driving range.   The trees are on land overseeing the ocean where the girl jumped to her death.   Trees are sacred and magical in many mythologies.   Buddha gained enlightenment under the Bodhi Tree, and many myths use trees as the focus for rebirth (Anderson, 1990, p. 25).   In the same regard, the ocean, too, is a mythical place:   from where gods and goddess reside and in the Greek legend Odysseus sailed before being reuniting with his lover (Anderson, p. 25). The magic of â€Å"The Man Who Did Not Smile† comes in the healing properties of the masks.   It is through the image of the mask that the film writer is able to create an ending for his story—a â€Å"beautiful daydream† (p. 128) to conclude the â€Å"dark story† (p. 129).   The masks represent his own distrust of himself and the world around him, covering with an artificial beauty the truth that lies behind them.   The masks magically hide what is true and meant to be revealed—whether it is an â€Å"ugly demon† (p. 132) or an â€Å"ever-smiling gentle face† (p. 132). What is also interesting about â€Å"The Man Who Did Not Smile† is in how the film writer’s screenplay is based on a scene inside a mental hospital.   We learn later that his wife is in a hospital of sorts—and we never learn the exact nature of her illness.   Could it be a mental hospital?   And might her hospitalization also be a reflection of his â€Å"gloomy† personality (p. 129)?   He’s afraid of what is hiding behind the masks—so much that his initial reaction to putting on the mask himself is fear.   â€Å"The mask is no good.   Art is no good† (p. 132).   Masks and art each reveal the hidden dimensions.   The film writer himself uses his films to balance his own â€Å"gloomy† personality.   Yet the shadows of life are revealed through film and art, and are experienced in hospitals.   Each is an aspect of â€Å"The Man Who Did Not Smile.† Yasunari gives much to think about regarding our relationship to each other and ourselves in â€Å"The Man Who Did Not Smile,† and to our relationship with the magic of eternal love in â€Å"Immortality.†Ã‚   Both reveal the hidden aspects of our existence on earth, offering us a short look at the feeling of living in a world of melancholy and loneliness amid what we call beauty.   Our own mortality rises from the depths of eternity through these stories, and it is in the hidden beauty of our daily lives that Yasunari’s works can be realized. Bibliography Anderson, William.   (1990).   Green man:   The archetype of our oneness with the earth. London:   HarperCollins. Hillman, James.   (1996).   The soul’s code.   New York:   Warner Books. Jung, C. G.   (1983). Definitions.   (R. F. C. Hull,Trans.). In   A. Storr (Ed.). The essential Jung:   Selected writings.   (V. S. de Laszlo, Ed.) (Pp. 97-105).   Princeton:   Princeton University Press.   (Original work published 1921). Jung, C. G.   (1983). The relations between the ego and the unconscious.   (R. F. C. Hull, Trans.). In   A. Storr (Ed.). The essential Jung:   Selected writings.   (V. S. de Laszlo, Ed.) (Pp. 94-97).   Princeton:   Princeton University Press.   (Original work published 1929). Ljukkonen, Petri.   (2005).   Yasunari Yasunari.   Retrieved November 19, 2005 from http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/Yasunari.htm. Yasunari, Yasunari.   (1990).   The man who did not smile.   (L. Dunlop, Trans.).   In Palm-of-the-hand Stories.   (J. Martin Holman, Trans.).   (Pp. 128-132).   San Francisco:   North Point Press.   (Original work published 1929). Yasunari, Yasunari.   (2005).   Immortality.   In (G. Dasgupta, J. Mei, Ed).   Stories about us.   (Pp. 323-325).   Nashville:   Thomas Nelson Publishers.   (Original work published 1963). Beauty is not so easily measured It is a story about beauty and this man’s relationship to beauty, and the psychological relationship he has to the idea of beauty and what is behind the idea of beauty. Yasunari wrote â€Å"The Man Who Did Not Smile† as a first-person account from the film writer’s standpoint.   The man is on location for a film he has written about patients in a mental hospital, and is in the process of discovering a final scene for his film.   He finds it one morning while â€Å"gazing out on the Kamo River,† (Yasunari, 1929/1990, p. 128) upon waking, finding himself amid the memories of a previous day and recalling a mask that he had seen in a display window.   It is that image that gives him the idea for his final scene of the movie, â€Å"a daydream† (p. 129) filled with masks of smiling faces. The search for the masks to be used in the film becomes the central drama of the story—and the protagonist’s relationship to those masks once he takes them to his wife and children after the filming of the movie is complete.   The masks are delicate and the actors must handle them carefully.   Yet, there is some power within those masks.   The film writer decides to buy them so they can be handled without fear of them being destroyed, and it is in the power of those masks that the protagonist realizes his own relationship with beauty. â€Å"Well then, I’ll buy them.   I did actually want them.   I daydreamed as if awaiting the future when the world would be in harmony and people would all wear the same gentle face as these masks.   (p. 131) His children love the masks, but he refuses to wear them.   His wife agrees to put one on, and it is in that moment that he discovers his true relationship to his wife’s beauty.   â€Å"The moment she removed the mask, my wife’s face somehow appeared ugly† (p. 131).   It is as though he is seeing her face for the first time—and his own idea of her beauty, or, in this case, the â€Å"ugliness of her own countenance† (p. 131).   As his wife lay in the hospital bed, he is faced not only with a new idea of beauty, but his own sense of self—one that might appear as â€Å"an ugly demon† (p. 132) to his wife.   He would be exposed to his real self, his true nature. Psychologist C. G. Jung writes that the mask can be seen as the outer persona we show to the world, the way we want to be seen (Jung, 1929/1983, p. 96).   â€Å"The mask is the ad hoc adopted attitude, I have called the persona, which was the name for the masks worn by actors in antiquity† (Jung, 1921/1983, p. 98).   The narrator is forced to confront not only what lies behind his wife’s beauty/ugliness, but also his idea of his own beauty/ugliness.   The â€Å"beautiful mask† (p. 132) reveals another question, too:   whether or not the face he sees on his wife could be artificial, too, â€Å"just like the mask† (p. 132).   It’s a perplexing question, but one that reveals, like the mask, much about the filmmaker’s relationship to himself and his world. While the idea of beauty colors Yasunari’s 1963 â€Å"palm-of-the-hand† story â€Å"Immortality,† the concept of eternal love is the central theme.   In this short story, two lovers have reunited after being apart for at least five decades—but their reunion comes in the afterlife, as they are now each dead.   Yasunari presents a portrait of an eighteen-year-old girl and a man sixty years her senior walking through some woods in a land they’d both known together while alive.   The scene is haunting as the girl is not aware the man has passed on into the afterlife until the end, when, upon that realization, the two â€Å"go into the tree and stay† (Yasunari, 1963/2005, p. 326). The love between the two has been eternal, in a sense—the girl killed herself because of her love for the man when they had to separate, and he wound up spending much of his life on the land overlooking that spot in the ocean where she died. The man has returned to the land where she died to reclaim her.   He wants to be with her forever.   However, he doesn’t know he is dead, and neither does she. Once she realizes he, too, is dead, they are able to reunite into eternity in nature, merging themselves into an old tree where they will live forever. Like â€Å"The Man Who Did Not Smile,† Yasunari uses the idea of beauty and the mask that we wear—Jung’s â€Å"persona†Ã¢â‚¬â€as an aspect of â€Å"Immortality.†Ã‚   The girl tells the old man, Shintaro, that she has lived in the afterlife with the image of him as a young man.   â€Å"You are eternally young to me,† (p. 325) she says, even though the man is now old. If I hadn’t drowned myself and you came to the village now to see me, I’d be an old woman. How disgusting.   I wouldn’t want you to see me like that.   (p. 325) For the girl, memories are important.   Her spirit carries them as she lives in the afterlife.   Scholar James Hillman says that memories are important for the soul, carrying with them energy that thrives for the departed person.   The girl realizes this, too, in a way:   â€Å"If you were to die, there wouldn’t be anyone on earth who would remember me,† she says (p. 325). The soul, they say, needs models for its mimesis in order to recollect eternal verities and primordial images.   If in its life on earth it does not meet these as mirrors of the soul’s core, mirrors in which the soul can recognize its truths, then its flame will die and its genius wither.   (p. 159) The girl imagines ugliness representing old age—that ancient mask we all wear once we have passed from the prime years of our life.   Even though the old man is wearing that mask, she doesn’t see it:   she has only her memories carried with her at the time of her death, so she sees him as an eighteen-year-old, also.   For the man, he never experienced his lover as an old woman; thus, her youth is indeed eternal for him. Yasunari uses few characters in both stories, keeping each â€Å"palm-of-the-hand† short and simple.   The narrator in â€Å"The Man Who Did Not Smile† is joined by the mask buyer, his wife, and his children in the tale, while it is only Shintaro and his young lover in â€Å"Immortality.†Ã‚   We do not see deeply driven characterization in either story, as Yasunari essentially paints portraits of each actor through their thoughts and actions.   Like a beautiful painting of a sunset or sunrise, we must use our imagination amidst the texture and colors of the painting to grasp its deeper meaning. Indeed, Yasunari’s beautiful use of words shines in both stories in his colorful imagery.   It is simple:   â€Å"An old man and a young girl were walking together,† he writes to begin â€Å"Immortality.†Ã‚   He ends that story almost the same way he begins â€Å"The Man Who Did Not Smile†Ã¢â‚¬â€with the picture of the sky. The color at evening began to drift onto the small saplings behind the great trees.   The sky beyond turned a faint red where the ocean sounded.   (p. 326). â€Å"The Man Who Did Not Smile,† on the other hand, begins with the image of the sky as well.   â€Å"The sky had turned a deep shade; it looked like the surface of a beautiful celadon porcelain piece† (p. 128).   It is a daydream of sorts, a beautiful portrait into which Yasunari takes the reader as he moves through the inner world of the film writer. Both stories are magical.   It is the â€Å"magic of those trees† (p. 325) that captures the imagination of Shintaro and his young lover.   Those trees are part of land his family owned, and he later sold to the men who turned the land into a golfer’s driving range.   The trees are on land overseeing the ocean where the girl jumped to her death.   Trees are sacred and magical in many mythologies.   Buddha gained enlightenment under the Bodhi Tree, and many myths use trees as the focus for rebirth (Anderson, 1990, p. 25).   In the same regard, the ocean, too, is a mythical place:   from where gods and goddess reside and in the Greek legend Odysseus sailed before being reuniting with his lover (Anderson, p. 25). The magic of â€Å"The Man Who Did Not Smile† comes in the healing properties of the masks.   It is through the image of the mask that the film writer is able to create an ending for his story—a â€Å"beautiful daydream† (p. 128) to conclude the â€Å"dark story† (p. 129).   The masks represent his own distrust of himself and the world around him, covering with an artificial beauty the truth that lies behind them.   The masks magically hide what is true and meant to be revealed—whether it is an â€Å"ugly demon† (p. 132) or an â€Å"ever-smiling gentle face† (p. 132). What is also interesting about â€Å"The Man Who Did Not Smile† is in how the film writer’s screenplay is based on a scene inside a mental hospital.   We learn later that his wife is in a hospital of sorts—and we never learn the exact nature of her illness.   Could it be a mental hospital?   And might her hospitalization also be a reflection of his â€Å"gloomy† personality (p. 129)?   He’s afraid of what is hiding behind the masks—so much that his initial reaction to putting on the mask himself is fear.   â€Å"The mask is no good.   Art is no good† (p. 132).   Masks and art each reveal the hidden dimensions.   The film writer himself uses his films to balance his own â€Å"gloomy† personality.   Yet the shadows of life are revealed through film and art, and are experienced in hospitals.   Each is an aspect of â€Å"The Man Who Did Not Smile.† Yasunari gives much to think about regarding our relationship to each other and ourselves in â€Å"The Man Who Did Not Smile,† and to our relationship with the magic of eternal love in â€Å"Immortality.†Ã‚   Both reveal the hidden aspects of our existence on earth, offering us a short look at the feeling of living in a world of melancholy and loneliness amid what we call beauty.   Our own mortality rises from the depths of eternity through these stories, and it is in the hidden beauty of our daily lives that Yasunari’s works can be realized. Bibliography Anderson, William.   (1990).   Green man:   The archetype of our oneness with the earth. London:   HarperCollins. Hillman, James.   (1996).   The soul’s code.   New York:   Warner Books. Jung, C. G.   (1983). Definitions.   (R. F. C. Hull,Trans.). In   A. Storr (Ed.). The essential Jung:   Selected writings.   (V. S. de Laszlo, Ed.) (Pp. 97-105).   Princeton:   Princeton University Press.   (Original work published 1921). Jung, C. G.   (1983). The relations between the ego and the unconscious.   (R. F. C. Hull, Trans.). In   A. Storr (Ed.). The essential Jung:   Selected writings.   (V. S. de Laszlo, Ed.) (Pp. 94-97).   Princeton:   Princeton University Press.   (Original work published 1929). Ljukkonen, Petri.   (2005).   Yasunari Yasunari.   Retrieved November 19, 2005 from http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/Yasunari.htm. Yasunari, Yasunari.   (1990).   The man who did not smile.   (L. Dunlop, Trans.).   In Palm-of-the-hand Stories.   (J. Martin Holman, Trans.).   (Pp. 128-132).   San Francisco:   North Point Press.   (Original work published 1929). Yasunari, Yasunari.   (2005).   Immortality.   In (G. Dasgupta, J. Mei, Ed).   Stories about us.   (Pp. 323-325).   Nashville:   Thomas Nelson Publishers.   (Original work published 1963).

Friday, October 18, 2019

Kenesics Field Work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Kenesics Field Work - Essay Example You can see an array of hand gestures as if saying â€Å"no, I’m not willing to give you my time†. Some other expressions from the prospective customers’ countenance would say, â€Å"No, I don’t much have time†, or â€Å"I don’t much need of what you might present to me now†, or â€Å"I’m on a rush or I’m too busy for now, can we just have another time?†. These are some of the probable words that are associated with the non-verbal gestures I often see when the salesperson tries to connect someone into his line of business. I know it might be daunting or frustrating on his part, if I were to rate it myself. After all, the following are the gestures I saw that could be directly linked to his actual activity for the whole day. The first common or I saw most often even in countless number of movements from time to time is the raising of hand to a stop signal and moving and waving it in a way either fast or slow just to say directly â€Å"no†. I can sense the degree of intense refusal when it is associated with the expression of the face. A sour expression is a direct â€Å"no†. All of these are red flags or signals on saying â€Å"no†. I also observed when the prospects point to somewhere, as if saying â€Å"Look, I have to go there and I’m late† or â€Å"I need to have a break and in a hurry for now, so I’m heading there to catch up†. Some customers point to themselves, as if trying to say â€Å"I think am not ready for this. Look, I’m busy†. Some individuals would seem to remind the salesperson that â€Å"look, I’m late†, pointing their eyes directly to the customer’s watch. Some of the prospects would even bother to look somewhere, trying not to establish rapport with the salesperson. Some prospects were able to show that they feel awkward being approached by someone else. Some of them would pursue a movement away from the salesperson, like a half-step away for instance, while the latter is still trying to

Disciplining students with disabilities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Disciplining students with disabilities - Essay Example ly, discipline makes students learn how to manage and control their own behavior, and lastly, discipline can also ensures an effective classroom climate that has positive impact on the students. Regardless of whether the students are disabled or not, disciplinary action is deemed necessary to ensure control and management of the students. All students have a right to be disciplined using the prescribed procedural and substantive areas of discipline. These rights are provided for under the 4th and 14th amendments of the US Constitution. Procedural procedure includes fairness of the disciplinary actions, while substantive process protects student rights from being violated by school officials and ensures that the discipline is reasonable, regardless of the student’s physical condition. Students with disabilities are protected from discriminatory disciplinary action under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act (1973). There are certain procedures that are to be followed to avoid such discrimination. First of all, the school administration has to use same procedures for disciplining both students with or without disabilities. Secondly, school officials have to conduct the manifestation determination in order to assess any relations between student disabilities and their misconduct, before applying any actions such as long-term suspension, expulsion or placement changes. Thirdly, school officials have to ensure the teachers are conversant with the provisions of the law (such as provisions of section 504), so as due procedures are followed during disciplinary action. There are three major pointers that underlie disciplinary changes of the 1997 IDEA and the 2004 IDEA. To begin with, the law categorically emphasizes on the adoption of positive behavioral interventions, support programs and provision of specialized services for students with disabilities. This ensures that such students are less likely to be punished. Secondly, school officials and teachers are expected

Position Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Position - Essay Example Cellopharone is an organic substance, polysaccharide in nature (Carlisle 338). Being a constituent of plant cell walls, it is the commonly recognized organic substance. It is appropriate for foodstuff packing due to its limited permeability on various aspects. Cellophane is processed from extremely purified cellulose obtained from bleached sulphide pulp (Carlisle 338). In addition, cellophane is biodegradable, and thus ecologically friendly. However, its processing causes air pollution. It is produced by employing carbon disulfide, found freely in the air. Carbon disulfide, under elevated concentrations, responds when exposed to other unstable chemicals thus forming smog in the atmosphere (Carlisle 338). It also injures ones sight and cause pain in several human systems. Cellophane product and use should be minimized because when produced in large quantity, they lead to environmental pollution and other health complications. Inorganic foods are foods, which are raised by the use of inorganic methods. This is through the use of chemical compounds such as pesticides, synthetic fertilizers, antibiotics and hormones (Carlisle 338). Foods raised in this way contain remnants of these chemicals which are dangerous to health. Inorganic foods are harmful to human consumption as herbicides and pesticides used to raise these crops are very toxic. When these chemicals build up in human bodies, they lead to diseases and other health complications. A good example is a herbicide called glyphosate commonly used for crop production (Carlisle 338). A laboratory study done by scientists in France in the year 2005 proved that glyphosate destroyed completely human placental cells and abnormal embryonic cells. These chemicals lead to birth defects and cancers, in addition to crop and animal losses (Lawson). Inorganic chemicals lead to the gastrointestinal tract erosion, dysphagia, cardiovascular, kidney damage,